瓦斯氣體屬于一種非常規性的天然氣體，瓦斯氣體當中主要的構成成分為甲烷，這種氣體具有無(wú)色無(wú)味、易燃易爆等特性。在煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中，如果周?chē)h(huán)境空氣當中的甲烷體積分數超過(guò)10%以上，那么環(huán)境當中遇到明火問(wèn)題會(huì )直接造成瓦斯氣體爆炸事故。所以，在當前煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中對瓦斯氣體的處理是其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵工作內容。由于瓦斯氣體也屬于一種清潔性能源，因此這種資源具有較高的使用價(jià)值。在煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程當中，使用瓦斯氣體來(lái)進(jìn)行發(fā)電，不但可以提高資源的使用效率，同時(shí)還對周?chē)沫h(huán)境形成了良好的保護作用。

Gas belongs to a type of unconventional natural gas, and the main component of gas is methane. This gas has characteristics such as colorless, odorless, flammable, and explosive. In coal mining operations, if the volume fraction of methane in the surrounding air exceeds 10% or more, encountering open flames in the environment can directly cause gas explosion accidents. So, in the current coal mining work, the treatment of gas is one of the key tasks. Due to the fact that gas is also a clean energy source, this resource has high utility value. In the process of coal mining, using gas for power generation can not only improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also form a good protective effect on the surrounding environment.

2.1 內燃機瓦斯發(fā)電

2.1 Internal combustion engine gas power generation

當前在我國煤礦產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展過(guò)程當中，其中對瓦斯的開(kāi)采和處理常用的方式為瓦斯地面輸送系統和井下瓦斯抽放系統。煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中，瓦斯氣體屬于整個(gè)工作流程當中所生成的附屬氣體，瓦斯氣體的體積分數變化范圍在3～%80%之間；同時(shí)，隨著(zhù)瓦斯氣體在環(huán)境當中的流量不斷變化，在煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中通常情況下會(huì )使用負壓風(fēng)機，直接將瓦斯氣體從煤礦開(kāi)采環(huán)境當中輸送到地面以上，如果煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程當中的瓦斯氣體的體積分數達到了危險警戒狀態(tài)，也就是瓦斯氣體的爆炸體積分數范圍超過(guò)了5%，那么在遇到一些火花或者是明火的條件下，很有可能造成嚴重的瓦斯爆炸。這一問(wèn)題直接影響到了煤礦開(kāi)采工作人員的生命安全，為了充分保證煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程當中的安全性，煤礦開(kāi)采單位必須要充分做好瓦斯氣體的處理工作，依照煤礦巷道當中瓦斯氣體的體積分數大小，選擇對應的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行處理，這樣不但可以提高能源的利用率，同時(shí)還降低對周?chē)h(huán)境所形成的不良影響。通過(guò)實(shí)際的分析和研究可以看出，在一些煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程當中內部所產(chǎn)生的高瓦斯氣體，通過(guò)點(diǎn)燃排空，或者是無(wú)償直接供應到當地居民家中進(jìn)行運用，整體的資源利用效果比較明顯。如果瓦斯氣體的體積分數低于40%，那么煤礦單位會(huì )直接將其排放到周?chē)h(huán)境當中，進(jìn)而對瓦斯氣體的使用率產(chǎn)生不良的影響，事實(shí)上瓦斯氣體具有較高的發(fā)電應用價(jià)值，通過(guò)瓦斯發(fā)電的方式可以達到一種比較理想的資源大化應用同時(shí)提高了節能減排效果。

In the current development process of China's coal mining industry, the commonly used methods for gas extraction and treatment are gas surface transportation systems and underground gas drainage systems. In coal mining, gas belongs to the subsidiary gas generated throughout the entire workflow, and the volume fraction of gas varies between 3% and 80%; At the same time, as the flow rate of gas in the environment constantly changes, negative pressure fans are usually used in coal mining work to directly transport gas from the coal mining environment to above the ground. If the volume integral of gas in the coal mining process reaches a dangerous warning state, that is, the explosive volume fraction range of gas exceeds 5%, it is very likely to cause serious gas explosions when encountering some sparks or open flames. This issue directly affects the safety of coal mining workers. In order to fully ensure the safety of the coal mining process, coal mining units must do a good job in gas treatment. According to the volume fraction of gas in coal mine tunnels, corresponding methods should be selected for treatment. This can not only improve energy utilization, but also reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment. Through practical analysis and research, it can be seen that in some coal mining processes, the high gas generated internally can be ignited and discharged, or directly supplied to local residents for use without compensation. The overall resource utilization effect is relatively obvious. If the volume fraction of gas is less than 40%, coal mining units will directly discharge it into the surrounding environment, which will have a negative impact on the utilization rate of gas. In fact, gas has a high value for power generation applications. Gas power generation can achieve a relatively ideal resource maximization application and improve energy conservation and emission reduction effects.

2.2 乏風(fēng)瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)應用

2.2 Application of depleted wind and gas power generation technology

在煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中為了大限度上，保證煤礦開(kāi)采工作人員的人身安全，必須要保證整個(gè)煤礦開(kāi)采環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量。因此在煤礦開(kāi)采工作當中需要向井下輸送大量的新鮮空氣。在此過(guò)程當中，煤礦巷道當中的通風(fēng)系統排出的廢氣稱(chēng)之為“乏風(fēng)”。廢氣當中會(huì )含有一定量到瓦斯氣體，通常情況下瓦斯的含量相對較低，但是如果沒(méi)有對瓦斯氣體進(jìn)行合理的運用和處理，那么不但會(huì )造成周?chē)h(huán)境的污染，同時(shí)還對資源形成了一定的浪費。通過(guò)乏風(fēng)瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)的應用，可以將排出的廢氣當中瓦斯的體積分數上升到0.2%以上，然后直接將排出的廢棄運輸到氧化氣當中，通過(guò)這種方式可以形成無(wú)焰燃燒的效果。在此過(guò)程當中不但可以有效達到瓦斯氣體的高效化運用，同時(shí)還可以運用瓦斯氣體在燃燒過(guò)程當中產(chǎn)生的熱量來(lái)制取蒸汽以及熱水等，大量的蒸汽可以直接推動(dòng)汽輪機的運轉達到發(fā)電的目標，而產(chǎn)生的熱水可以用在供熱工作當中。

In the process of coal mining, in order to ensure the safety of coal mining workers to a maximum extent, it is necessary to ensure the air quality of the entire coal mining environment. Therefore, in coal mining operations, a large amount of fresh air needs to be transported underground. During this process, the exhaust gas discharged from the ventilation system in the coal mine roadway is called "exhaust air". The exhaust gas will contain a certain amount of gas, which is usually relatively low in content. However, if gas is not used and treated properly, it will not only cause pollution to the surrounding environment but also waste resources. Through the application of exhaust gas power generation technology, the volume fraction of gas in the discharged exhaust gas can be increased to over 0.2%, and then the discharged waste can be directly transported to the oxidation gas, forming a flameless combustion effect through this method. In this process, not only can the efficient use of gas be effectively achieved, but the heat generated by gas during combustion can also be used to produce steam and hot water. A large amount of steam can directly drive the operation of the turbine to achieve the goal of power generation, and the generated hot water can be used for heating work.