發(fā)電機磨合對于使用來講重要嗎?
柴油發(fā)電機組磨合是延長壽命的必要措施,柴油機裝配和主要摩擦副零件氣缸與活塞、活塞環(huán),曲軸軸頸與軸承等,都不可避免地存在著幾何形狀誤差(位置精度誤差)等,以及表面微觀不平(加工痕跡形成的凸峰和凹痕)。因此,相配合的兩個零件實際接觸面積較小,而單位面積上的負荷較大,摩擦磨損嚴重。此外,由于零件表面的微觀不平而不易形成油膜(被凸峰破壞),使磨損加劇。如果在這種善下柴油機高速度高負荷的工作,摩擦副零件表面的凸峰嚴重擦傷或撕裂,金屬屑成為磨料,使磨損加劇。嚴重時造成局部高溫溶化變?yōu)槿苤p,形成拉缸燒瓦。其實,由于零件表面粗糙,消耗于摩擦的功率較大,此時柴油機高負荷工作相當(dāng)于超負荷。因而也加劇零件磨損。
The running in of diesel generator set is a necessary measure to prolong its service life. There are geometric errors (positional accuracy errors) and micro unevenness (bumps and dents formed by machining marks) in diesel engine assembly and main friction pair parts, such as cylinder and piston, piston ring, crankshaft journal and bearing, etc. Therefore, the actual contact area of the two parts is small, but the load per unit area is large, so the friction and wear are serious. In addition, the oil film is not easy to be damaged due to the uneven surface. If the diesel engine works at high speed and high load, the bumps on the surface of the friction pair parts will be seriously scratched or torn, and the metal chips will become abrasives, which will aggravate the wear. In severe cases, local high temperature melting changes into dissolution wear, forming cylinder burning. In fact, due to the rough surface of the parts, the power consumed in friction is large, so the high load of diesel engine is equivalent to overload. As a result, it also aggravates the wear of parts.
柴油發(fā)電機組磨合期較長,而初期磨合階段磨損量較大,因此,此階段一般以工廠內(nèi)進行,通過合理的磨合規(guī)范進行磨合,以減少磨損量,延長使用壽命,同時通過磨合期可以用來檢查和調(diào)整柴油機的裝配質(zhì)量和性能參數(shù),以及運行中出現(xiàn)的問題,以便及時排除,使柴油機質(zhì)量和性能達到規(guī)范的要求。
The running in period of diesel generator set is long, while the wear loss in the initial running in stage is large. Therefore, this stage is generally carried out in the factory, and the running in is carried out through reasonable running in specifications, so as to reduce the wear and prolong the service life. At the same time, the running in period can be used to check and adjust the assembly quality and performance parameters of diesel engine, as well as the problems in operation, so as to eliminate them in time, The quality and performance of diesel engine can meet the requirements of specification.
新的或經(jīng)大修后的柴油發(fā)電機組,在正式使用前須經(jīng)60h磨合運轉(zhuǎn),方可投入全負荷使用,以改善柴油機各運動部件的工作狀況,提高柴油機的運行可靠性和使用壽命。磨合應(yīng)視柴油機用途和拖載方式的不同,來考慮具體磨合方案。原則上隨著磨合時間的增加,分階段逐步提高柴油機的轉(zhuǎn)速和負載,在整個磨合期內(nèi)負荷以12h標定功率的50%~80%為宜,轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)不大于標定轉(zhuǎn)速的80%為好。但在磨合的開始階段,空運轉(zhuǎn)或過小負載情況下的運轉(zhuǎn)時間不宜過長。每當(dāng)修理更換過缸套、活塞、活塞環(huán)、連桿軸瓦和曲拐等零部件后,亦應(yīng)按上述磨合工況適當(dāng)進行短期磨合。
The new or overhauled diesel generator set can be put into full load operation only after running in for 60 hours before formal use, so as to improve the working conditions of all moving parts of diesel engine and improve the operation reliability and service life of diesel engine. The specific running in scheme should be considered according to the different use of diesel engine and different towing mode. In principle, with the increase of running in time, the speed and load of diesel engine should be gradually increased in stages. During the whole running in period, the load should be 50% ~ 80% of the rated power of 12h, and the speed should not be greater than 80% of the rated speed. However, the running in period should not be too long under the condition of small load. Whenever the cylinder liner, piston, piston ring, connecting rod bearing bush, crank and other parts are repaired and replaced, the short-term running in should be carried out according to the above running in conditions.
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