沼氣發(fā)電的基本知識與設備選型
沼氣發(fā)電是集環(huán)保和節能于一體的能源綜合利用新技術(shù),它利用工業(yè)、農業(yè)或城鎮生活中的大量有機廢棄物(例如:酒糟液、禽畜糞、城市垃圾和污水等)經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣,驅動(dòng)沼氣發(fā)電機組發(fā)電,利用沼氣發(fā)電對氣體成分有一定的要求,氣體中的雜質(zhì)含量如Si、HS等應控制在一定的范圍內,沼氣的溫度為10~60℃,壓力為0~5kpa,一般禽畜糞厭氧處理的沼氣都能滿(mǎn)足發(fā)電的氣質(zhì)要求,污水處理沼氣需要脫硫等處理,垃圾填埋沼氣需要脫水等處理。
Biogas power generation is a new energy comprehensive utilization technology which integrates environmental protection and energy conservation. It uses a large number of organic wastes (such as distiller's grains, livestock manure, urban garbage and sewage) in industry, agriculture or urban life to generate biogas by anaerobic fermentation, which drives the biogas generator to generate electricity. There are certain requirements for gas composition in biogas power generation, The content of impurities such as Si and HS in the gas should be controlled within a certain range. The temperature of biogas is 10 ~ 60 ℃ and the pressure is 0 ~ 5kpa. Generally, the biogas from anaerobic treatment of livestock manure can meet the requirements of power generation. The biogas from sewage treatment needs desulfurization, and the biogas from landfill needs dehydration.
沼氣發(fā)電效率與氣體中的甲烷濃度有關(guān),理論上甲烷含量55%的沼氣每立方沼氣可發(fā)電1.8KWh,實(shí)際發(fā)電時(shí),沼氣濃度一般不能穩定在一個(gè)固定值上.
The efficiency of biogas power generation is related to the concentration of methane in the gas. Theoretically, biogas with 55% methane content can generate 1.8kwh per cubic meter of biogas. In actual power generation, the concentration of biogas is generally not stable at a fixed value
在這種情況下,沼氣發(fā)電機組照??梢赃\行,只是發(fā)電量會(huì )有所降低,發(fā)出的電量可進(jìn)行上網(wǎng),沼氣發(fā)電機組的輸出電壓為400V,可以與6300V或10000V變壓器低壓端相聯(lián),若低壓線(xiàn)路長(cháng),400V可以升壓到6300V與供電局進(jìn)線(xiàn)相連。
In this case, the biogas generator set can operate as usual, but the generating capacity will be reduced, and the generated electricity can be connected to the grid. The output voltage of biogas generator set is 400V, which can be connected with the low voltage end of 6300v or 10000v transformer. If the low voltage line is long, 400V can be increased to 6300v, which can be connected with the incoming line of Power Supply Bureau.
許多打算做沼氣發(fā)電的用戶(hù)經(jīng)常會(huì )問(wèn)的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是,應該選擇多大功率的發(fā)電機組合適,理論上甲烷含量55%的沼氣每立方沼氣可發(fā)電1.8KWh;一般沼氣池每天的產(chǎn)氣量是沼氣池體總容積的20%左右(選用沼氣池工藝不同,產(chǎn)氣量不同),具體的就要計算才能確定了。先算出每天的沼氣可發(fā)電的總量,然后再根據每天的發(fā)電時(shí)間,就可以確定發(fā)電機組的裝機功率。
Many users who plan to do biogas power generation often ask the question: what kind of power generation unit should be chosen? Theoretically, biogas with 55% methane content can generate 1.8kwh per cubic meter of biogas; Generally, the daily gas production of biogas digester is about 20% of the total volume of biogas digester (different biogas digester technology is selected, the gas production is different), and the specific calculation can be determined. First calculate the daily total amount of biogas power generation, and then according to the daily power generation time, the installed power of the generator set can be determined.