1.1 closed circulating cooling system

閉式循環(huán)冷卻系統使用固定的冷卻水量來(lái)冷卻介質(zhì)，而且冷卻水不暴露與大氣，沒(méi)有水被蒸發(fā)。閉式循環(huán)冷卻水系統在煤礦瓦斯發(fā)電系統有三種應用場(chǎng)合：一是冷卻汽輪機的乏機，如在嚴重缺水地區建設的空冷機組，多采用這種系統；二是部分電廠(chǎng)將軸瓦冷卻水等組成一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的閉式循環(huán)冷卻系統，即二次冷卻系統；三是裝有水內冷發(fā)電機的電廠(chǎng)。

The closed cycle cooling system uses a fixed amount of cooling water to cool the medium, and the cooling water is not exposed to the atmosphere, and no water is evaporated. There are three applications of closed circulating cooling water system in coal mine gas power generation system: one is to cool the exhausted steam turbine, such as the air cooling unit built in severe water shortage area, which is often used; the other is that some power plants form a special closed circulating cooling system, i.e. the secondary cooling system, with bearing cooling water; the third is the power plant with water-cooled generator.

1.2開(kāi)式循環(huán)冷卻系統

1.2 open cycle cooling system

在開(kāi)式循環(huán)冷卻水系統中，冷卻水經(jīng)循環(huán)水泵送入凝汽器，進(jìn)行熱交換，被加熱的冷卻水經(jīng)冷卻塔冷卻后，流入冷卻塔底部水池，再有循環(huán)水泵送入凝汽器循環(huán)使用。這種循環(huán)利用的冷卻水成為循環(huán)冷卻水。在冷卻塔中，循環(huán)水的冷卻是通過(guò)水和空氣接觸，由蒸發(fā)散熱、接觸散熱和輻射散熱三個(gè)過(guò)程共同作用的結果。

In the open circulating cooling water system, the cooling water is sent to the condenser through the circulating water pump for heat exchange. After being cooled by the cooling tower, the heated cooling water flows into the pool at the bottom of the cooling tower, and then the circulating water pump is sent to the condenser for recycling. This kind of circulating cooling water becomes circulating cooling water. In the cooling tower, the cooling of circulating water is the result of evaporation, contact and radiation through the contact of water and air.

其中，接觸散熱是由較高溫度的水與較低溫度的空氣接觸，由于溫差使熱水中的熱量傳到空氣中去，水溫得到了降低。蒸發(fā)散熱是因為進(jìn)入冷卻塔的空氣，濕分含量一般低于飽和狀態(tài)，而在水汽界面上的空氣已經(jīng)達到飽和狀態(tài)，這種含濕量的差別，使得水和汽不斷擴散到空氣中去，隨著(zhù)水汽的擴散，界面上的水分就不斷蒸發(fā)，把熱量傳給空氣。所以水的蒸發(fā)冷卻，可以使水溫低于空氣的濕度。輻射傳熱是除冷卻池外，對其他各型冷卻構筑物的影響不大，一般可以忽略不計。

Among them, the contact heat dissipation is the contact between the water with higher temperature and the air with lower temperature. Due to the temperature difference, the heat in the hot water is transferred to the air, and the water temperature is reduced. Evaporation heat dissipation is because the moisture content of the air entering the cooling tower is generally lower than the saturated state, and the air on the water vapor interface has reached the saturated state. This difference in moisture content makes water and steam continue to diffuse into the air. With the diffusion of water vapor, the water on the interface will continue to evaporate and transfer heat to the air. Therefore, the evaporative cooling of water can make the water temperature lower than the humidity of air. Radiation heat transfer has little effect on other cooling structures except cooling pool, which can be ignored.

1.3高溫循環(huán)冷卻系統

1.3 high temperature circulating cooling system

該系統的功用是：將在高溫區工作的零部件（機體、汽缸套、汽缸蓋）所吸收的熱量及時(shí)傳遞出去，以保證其在保溫環(huán)境下可靠地工作。“高溫循環(huán)冷卻系統”中的高溫水泵冷卻水經(jīng)機體進(jìn)水管直接壓送到機體右側水道內。又通過(guò)飛輪端連接機體左、右兩側的串水管，進(jìn)入機體左側水道內。進(jìn)入機體水道的冷卻水，流過(guò)汽缸套外部水套，經(jīng)機體上部與汽缸蓋連通的4個(gè)串水孔進(jìn)入汽缸蓋水腔，然后由汽缸蓋上端面出水口進(jìn)入各氣缸蓋的回水管。發(fā)動(dòng)機左右兩排汽缸蓋的回水管匯合后，經(jīng)高溫回水總管被送往高溫熱交換器或臥式水箱的高溫散熱器內進(jìn)行冷卻，又回流到高溫水泵開(kāi)始新一輪循環(huán)。

The function of the system is to transfer the heat absorbed by the parts (body, cylinder sleeve, cylinder head) working in the high temperature area in time, so as to ensure that they can work reliably in the thermal insulation environment. The cooling water of high temperature pump in "high temperature circulating cooling system" is directly pressed into the water channel on the right side of the engine body through the water inlet pipe of the engine body. The water pipes on the left and right sides of the engine body are connected through the flywheel end to enter the water channel on the left side of the engine body. The cooling water entering into the water channel of the engine block flows through the outer water jacket of the cylinder liner, enters into the water cavity of the cylinder head through the four water holes connected with the cylinder head at the upper part of the engine block, and then enters into the return pipe of each cylinder head through the water outlet of the upper end face of the cylinder head. After the return pipes of the left and right cylinder heads of the engine converge, they are sent to the high temperature heat exchanger or the high temperature radiator of the horizontal water tank through the high temperature return main pipe for cooling, and finally return to the high temperature water pump to start a new cycle.

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