一、沼氣如何發(fā)電

　　How does biogas generate electricity?

　　1、沼氣脫硫及穩(wěn)壓、防爆設(shè)備：供發(fā)起機(jī)運(yùn)用的沼氣要先通過(guò)脫硫設(shè)備，以削減硫化氫對(duì)發(fā)起機(jī)的腐蝕。

　　Biogas desulfurization, voltage stabilization and explosion-proof equipment: The biogas for engine use must first pass through the desulfurization equipment to reduce the corrosion of hydrogen sulfide on the engine.

　　2、進(jìn)氣調(diào)理體系：在進(jìn)氣總管上，需設(shè)置一套準(zhǔn)確、活絡(luò)的燃?xì)饣旌掀鳎哉{(diào)理空氣和沼氣的混合份額。

　　2. Intake conditioning system: On the intake manifold, a set of accurate and sensitive gas mixer needs to be installed to adjust the mixing ratio of air and biogas.

　　3、發(fā)起機(jī)焚燒體系：沼氣的焚燒速度慢，關(guān)于本來(lái)運(yùn)用汽油、柴油已及天然氣的發(fā)起機(jī)的焚燒體系要進(jìn)行必定程度的改造，以進(jìn)步焚燒功率，削減后焚燒表象，延伸工作壽數(shù)。

　　3. Engine combustion system: The combustion speed of biogas is slow. The combustion system of engines that originally used gasoline, diesel and natural gas needs to be reformed to a certain extent to improve combustion efficiency, reduce post-combustion phenomena and extend service life.

　　4、調(diào)速體系：若沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組獨(dú)立工作，即以用電設(shè)備為負(fù)荷進(jìn)行工作，用電設(shè)備的并入和卸載都會(huì)使發(fā)電機(jī)的負(fù)荷發(fā)生動(dòng)搖。為了保證發(fā)電機(jī)組正常工作，沼氣發(fā)起機(jī)上的調(diào)速體系必不可少。

　　4. Speed regulation system: If the biogas generator set works independently, that is, it works with electrical equipment as the load. The parallel connection and unloading of electrical equipment will cause fluctuations in the load of the generator. In order to ensure the normal operation of the generator set, the speed regulation system on the biogas engine is essential.

　　5、預(yù)熱運(yùn)用體系：選用預(yù)熱運(yùn)用設(shè)備，對(duì)發(fā)起機(jī)冷卻水和排氣中的熱量進(jìn)行運(yùn)用，進(jìn)步沼氣的動(dòng)力運(yùn)用功率。

　　5. Preheating and utilization system: Select preheating and utilization equipment to utilize the heat in the engine cooling water and exhaust to improve the power utilization efficiency of biogas.

　　6、并網(wǎng)控制體系：首要包含發(fā)電機(jī)調(diào)壓電路，主動(dòng)準(zhǔn)同期并排控制電路，手動(dòng)并排寬和列控制電路，丈量電路，燃?xì)獍l(fā)起機(jī)及輔佐設(shè)備控制電路等。

　　6. Grid-connected control system: mainly includes generator voltage regulation circuit, automatic quasi-synchronous parallel control circuit, manual parallel on and off control circuit, measurement circuit, gas engine and auxiliary equipment control circuit, etc.

　　二、沼氣發(fā)電的優(yōu)勢(shì)

　　Advantages of biogas power generation

　　1、原料來(lái)源廣泛

　　Wide range of raw material sources

　　沼氣的主要燃燒成分是甲烷，由產(chǎn)甲烷菌厭氧消化有機(jī)物產(chǎn)生。所以只要有機(jī)物存在的地方，再配以適合的環(huán)境條件，就會(huì)有甲烷的生成。例如人畜的糞便、有機(jī)工業(yè)廢水、垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、農(nóng)作物秸稈等都可用做沼氣產(chǎn)生的原材料。

　　The main combustion component of biogas is methane, which is produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter by methanogens. So as long as there is organic matter and suitable environmental conditions, methane will be generated. For example, human and animal manure, organic industrial wastewater, landfills, crop straws, etc. can all be used as raw materials for biogas production.

　　2、沼氣為可再生能源

　　2. Biogas is a renewable energy source

　　用沼氣進(jìn)行發(fā)電，不用擔(dān)心會(huì)有枯竭的一天。

　　Using biogas for power generation, there is no need to worry about running out one day.

　　3、沼氣發(fā)電清潔，污染少

　　3. Biogas power generation is clean and causes less pollution

　　沼氣中含有少量的硫化物，經(jīng)氣體預(yù)處理后硫化物的含量已經(jīng)降到很低的濃度，基本上不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響。

　　Biogas contains a small amount of sulfide. After gas pretreatment, the content of sulfide has been reduced to a very low concentration and basically will not have an impact on the environment.

　　4、沼氣發(fā)電建設(shè)規(guī)模小，工期短

　　4. Biogas power generation has a small construction scale and a short construction period

　　建立小型的沼氣發(fā)電站可以在幾周或幾月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，并且可根據(jù)需求的發(fā)展隨時(shí)增加和擴(kuò)建，有利于資金的回收與周轉(zhuǎn)。

　　A small biogas power station can be established within a few weeks or months, and it can be expanded and added at any time according to the development of demand, which is conducive to the recovery and turnover of funds.

　　三、沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

　　Advantages and disadvantages of biogas generator sets

　　其實(shí)沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組分為兩種，一種是全部使用沼氣的單燃料沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組，另一種是部分使用沼氣的雙燃料沼氣 - 柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組。

　　In fact, biogas generator sets are divided into two types. One is a single-fuel biogas generator set that uses all biogas, and the other is a dual-fuel biogas-diesel generator set that uses part of biogas.

　　單燃料沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組工作原理：將 “空氣沼氣” 的混合物在氣缸內(nèi)壓縮，用火花塞使其燃燒，通過(guò)活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)得到動(dòng)力，然后連接發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。它具備如下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

　　Working principle of single-fuel biogas generator set: Compress the mixture of "air and biogas" in the cylinder, use a spark plug to make it burn, obtain power through the reciprocating motion of the piston, and then connect the generator to generate electricity. It has the following advantages:

　　1、不需要輔助燃料油及其供給設(shè)備

　　No need for auxiliary fuel oil and its supply equipment.

　　2、燃料為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，在控制方面比可燒兩種燃料的發(fā)電機(jī)組簡(jiǎn)單

　　The fuel is a system, and it is simpler in control than a generator set that can burn two kinds of fuels.

　　3、發(fā)電機(jī)組價(jià)格較低

　　The price of the generator set is lower.

　　雙燃料沼氣 - 柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組工作原理：將 “空氣燃燒氣體” 的混合物在氣缸內(nèi)壓縮，用點(diǎn)火燃料使其燃燒，通過(guò)活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)得到動(dòng)力，然后連接發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。它具備如下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

　　Working principle of dual-fuel biogas-diesel generator set: Compress the mixture of "air and combustion gas" in the cylinder, use ignition fuel to make it burn, obtain power through the reciprocating motion of the piston, and then connect the generator to generate electricity. It has the following advantages:

　　1、用液體燃料或氣體燃料都可工作

　　It can work with either liquid fuel or gas fuel.

　　2、對(duì)沼氣的產(chǎn)量和甲烷濃度的變化能夠適應(yīng)

　　It can adapt to changes in biogas production and methane concentration.

　　3、如由用氣體燃料轉(zhuǎn)為用柴油燃料在停止工作，發(fā)電機(jī)組內(nèi)不殘留未燃燒的氣體，因?yàn)轲I耐腐蝕性好。

　　If the gas fuel is changed to diesel fuel and the operation is stopped, there will be no unburned gas remaining in the generator set because of its good corrosion resistance.